Everything about Viral Envelope totally explained
Many
viruses (for example influenza and many animal viruses) have
viral envelopes covering their protein
capsids. The envelopes are typically derived from portions of the host
cell membranes (
phospholipids and proteins), but include some viral
glycoproteins. Functionally, viral envelopes are used to help viruses enter
host cells. Glycoproteins on the surface of the envelope serve to identify and bind to
receptor sites on the host's membrane. The viral envelope then fuses with the host's membrane, allowing the capsid and viral genome to enter and infect the host.
Usually, the cell from which the virus itself
buds from goes on to survive, and shed more viral particles for an extended period. Interestingly, the
lipid bilayer envelope of these viruses is relatively sensitive to
desiccation, heat and detergents, and so these viruses are easier to sterilize than non-enveloped viruses - in other words they can't survive outside host environment and must transfer directly from host to host.
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